Progress in Biomechanics of Pelvic Fractures / 医用生物力学

In recent years, with the increase of traffic accidents and the further development of aging, the incidence of pelvic fracture is gradually increasing. Based on the in-depth study about biomechanics of pelvic fracture fixation, the surgical treatment has been widely carried out. The purpose of surgical treatment is to effectively reduce and fix the fracture, correct deformity, restore integrity and stability of the pelvis, and minimize the complications caused by internal and external fixation. How to improve stability of the pelvis while ensuring therapeutic effect is a problem that every doctor will face in clinic. This paper summarizes the biomechanical research progress of pelvic fracture in recent years from the aspects of anatomy, normal biomechanics, classification and biomechanics of pelvic fracture fixation, so as to provide some references for reasonable treatment of pelvic fracture.

Research progress on medical protective agents for ionizing radiation damage / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Nowadays, ionizing radiation has become one of the risk factors for human healthy. Exploring effective protective strategies are important topics in radiological medicine. Timely using of the radiation protection agents are the most direct and effective medical protective strategy for reducing the damage of ionizing radiation to normal tissues of the body. A large number of new radiation protective agents based on mechanisms such as scavenging of free radicals, promoting DNA damage repair, inducing hypoxia of irradiated tissues and blocking bystander effect have been developed gradually. This review summarizes a variety of radiation protective agents, and their potential molecular biological mechanisms reported in recent years, to provide theoretical reference for exploring novel medical protective agents of ionizing radiation.

Relationship between expression of PGP9 .5 and clinicopathological fea-tures of cervical carcinoma, and in vitro study of underlying mechanism / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To detect the protein expression of protein gene product (PGP9.5) in cervical carcinoma samples, and to explore its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of cervical carcinoma patients.The potential value of PGP9.5-siRNA in the treatment of cervical cancer was preliminarily investigated in vitro.METHODS:The clinical data of cervical cancer patients ( n=180 ) who received surgical treatment in Department of Gynecology of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from January 2008 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining for PGP9.5 in all pathological specimens from cervical cancer biopsy was performed.The patients were divided into high expression of PGP9.5 group and low expression of PGP9.5 group.The relationship between PGP9.5 expression and clinicopathological parameters, such as age, HPV infection, path-ological grade, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and clinical stage, were analyzed.The overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.The PGP9.5-siRNA, NC-siRNA, PGP9.5 eukaryotic expression plasmid and empty vector were transfected into the SiHa cells, and the effects of PGP9.5 expression on the abili- ties of colony formation and cell invasion were determined by Western blot, colony formation assay and Transwell experi-ment.RESULTS:The relationships between the expression level of PGP9.5 and patients’ pathological characteristics in-cluding grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, vascular involvement and clinical stage were statisti-cally significant ( P<0.05) .The overall survival rates of 3 and 5 years in PGP9.5 high expression group were significantly lower than those in PGP9.5 low expression group ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with control group, the protein expression of PGP9.5, the number of colony formation and the number of invasive cells in si-PGP9.5 group were significantly decreased. The protein expression of PGP9.5, the number of colony formation and the number of invasive cells in PGP9.5 group were significantly increased.CONCLUSION:Over-expression of PGP9.5 protein indicates poor prognosis of cervical cancer, which may be a good predictor for the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.Inhibition of PGP9.5 expression may be an ef-fective way of gene therapy for cervical cancer.

Analysis of common gene mutations and cytogenetics in core binding factor related acute myeloid leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To assess the prevalence of c-Kit and FLT3 gene mutations in core binding factor related acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) and analyze the karyotype characteristics of the CBF-AML patients. Methods Mutations of c-Kit, FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD were detected by genomic DNA PCR and sequencing, and the karyotype changes were analyzed in 48 newly diagnosed CBF-AML patients. Results c-Kit aberrations were detected in 13(27.1 %) out of 48 patients, including 5 cases with exon 8 mutation and 8 cases with exon 17 mutation. c-Kit was more prominent in t(8;21) AML patients than in inv(16) AML patients [(33.3 %(9/27) vs 19.0 %(4/21), P<0.05]. Only 1 case (2.1 %) had FLT3-ITD mutation (FLT3-ITD+) and 3 cases (6.3 %) had FLT3-TKD mutation (FLT3-TKD +). Prevalence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 with additional chromosome abnormality was as high as 25.9 %(7/27), in which sex chromosome elimination was the most common one, while prevalence of CBFβ-MYH11 with additional chromosome abnormality was low. Conclusion c-Kit gene mutations and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 additional chromosome abnormalities are common in patients with CBF-AML and would be helpful for individualized treatment studies.

Establishment of an osteoporosis model in tree shrews by bilateral ovariectomy / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish an osteoporosis model in tree shrews by bilateral ovariectomy.Methods One hundred healthy 6-24 month old female tree shrews were used in this study.The diagnosis and treatment of osteoporo-sis in the model tree shrews was assessed according to the Interpretation of the Clinical Practice Guideines for Primary Oste-oporosis 2011 released by the Chinese Medical Association of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Salt Disease Branch.① Ac-cording to the human natural life span, sexual maturation time and peak bone mineral density ( PBMD) and the tree shrew natural life span and sexual maturation time, we estimated the PBMD of tree shrew in the age of months.Six 6-, 12-, 18-and 24-month old tree shrews in each group were randomly taken for measurement of BMD, and compared the differences between groups to verify the PBMD age of tree shrews.②We chose 62 6-month old tree shrews from the rest of tree shrews to measure their BMD to determine the mean and standard deviation of BMD.Then we divided them into study group ( n =32) and control group (n =30).Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in the study group, while omentectomy was done in the control group.BMD was measured at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after the surgery, 6 animals from each group.The animals which met the criteria of guideline were taken for pathological examination.Results ①The PBMD of 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-month old tree shrews was 0.138 ±0.012, 0.143 ±0.010, 0.141 ±0.009, and 0.139 ±0.009) g/cm2 , respectively, showing no significant differences among them (P>0.05).②The mean PBMD of the tree shrews was 0.143 ±0.016 g/cm2 .③In the model groups, the number of tree shrews whose BMD met the criteria of guideline was 0, 5, 4, 5, respec-tively.The pathological examination of the proximal tibia from the model group showed sparse and some disrupted trabecu-lae and enlarged inter-trabecular space.In the control group, the tibia tissues showed normal histology of bone structure and no one tree shrew showed a BMD value which met the criteria of diagnosis of osteoporosis.Conclusions An osteopo-rosis model in tree shrews can be established at 6 months after bilateral ovariectomy, showing similar manifestation of osteo-porosis in postmenopausal women.The success rate of this modeling method is high and the model is stable.

Enhancement of B-cell translocation gene-2 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells by increasing the expression level of B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of BTG2 protein in the normal intestinal epithelial HIEC cells and three colon cancer cell lines SW620, HT-29 and LS174T. The expression of BTG2 protein in normal colonic epithelial tissue, colon adenoma and colon cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The plasmid with BTG2 gene full-length sequence was transfected into colon cancer SW620 cells, and the expression of BTG2 protein was detected by Western blot. The cell growth curve was drawn by MTT test. The Ki-67-positive rate was calculated using immunofluorescence staining. The cell migration of colon cancer cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell double chamber culture system, and the pseudopodia growth of tumor cells was detected by Matrigel 3D culture system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot results showed that BTG2 relative expression levels were 0.83 ± 0.12, 0.18 ± 0.04, 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.07 in normal human intestinal epithelial cells HIEC, and human colon cancer cell line SW620, HT-29 and LS174T, respectively. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of BTG2 protein in normal colorectal tissue, colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma tissues were 82.5% (33/40), 77.5%(31/40) and 17.5% (7/40), respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that the positive rate of Ki-67 in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group was (76.2 ± 8.0)%, (81.4 ± 9.7)% and (50.1 ± 7.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The scratch test results showed that in the control group, empty vector group and BTG2 transfection group, the distance of SW620 cells between two sides was (79.27 ± 11.24) µm, (80.65 ± 12.17) µm and (124.77 ± 19.63) µm, respectively, with a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Transwell results showed that in the control group, empty plasmid group and BTG2 transfection group, the SW620 cell migration rate was (78.5 ± 13.1)%, (73.2 ± 12.9)% and (47.4 ± 9.1)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The number of neurospheres of BTG2 transfection group was decreased SW620, which had poor ductility.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BTG2 gene is involved in colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, and effectively restores the function of BTG2 protein. Therefore, it may be expected to become a new option in gene therapy for colon cancer.</p>

Hydrogen sulfide and mild hypothermia can selectively activate synaptic NMDARs and trigger the CREB signaling pathway / 医学研究生学报

Objective Research has indicated that hydrogen sulfide(H2S) can regulate the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate re-ceptors(NMDARs) in the brain, but its effect on brain resuscitation requires further investigation.The study was to speculate the effect of H2 S on brain resuscitation as well as the underlying mechanism of neuroresuscitation by investigating the effects of hydrogen sulfide and hypo-thermia on the expression of NR2A, NR2B and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) of NMDARs in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia following by reperfusion. Methods 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=20):sham operation group, model group, mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group.Pulsinelli-Brierley four-ves-sel occlusion method was induced to build the injury rat model by reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia .After 15 minutes'ischemia, im-mediate injection of 14μmol/kg NaHS was performed intraperitoneally on NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group , while skin cooling(rectal temperature=32-33℃) was done on mild hypothermia group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group .6 hours late,r hip-pocampus were extracted from rat heads.Respectively, spectrophotometer was applied to measure the content of H2S, Western blot for the expres-sions of NR2 A,NR2 B and pC-REB, and RTP-CR for mRNA level of brain derived neurotrophic (BDNF). HE staining was also performed on brain tissues 72hours after reperfusion on 4 rats from each group to evaluate the pathological changes of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region. R esul ts The content of H 2 S increased in each of the four groups after ischemia-reperfusion compared with sham operation group ( 15.2 ±2.0 nmol/g) (P0.05).The gray values of NR2A and NR2B in each group increased compared with sham operation group(P1 in NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hy-pothermia group.Compared with the expression of p-CREB(0.55 ±0.06) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypother-mia group(0.99 ±0.15), NaHS group(1.05 ±0.12), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.02 ±0.15)(P<0.05).Compared with the expression of BNDF mRNA(0.83 ±0.12) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypothermia group (1.11 ±0.13), NaHS group(1.27 ±0.16), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.35 ±0.16)(P<0.05).In comparison to model group, there were signifi-cant alleviation in the injury of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group, with the best effect in NaHS combined mild hypothermia group . Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide combined mild hypo-thermia can selectively activate synaptic NMDA receptors and trigger the prosurvival CREB signaling pathway to exert brain resuscitation .

The efficacy observation of thalidomide pins melphalan and VAD regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of thalidomide plus melphalan and VAD regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma(MM). Methods 24 patients in the treatment group were treated with thalidomide plus melphalan and VAD regimen. Two continuous treatment were considered valuable. Observational content included results of serum myeloma protein; liver and renal function; protein-uria of 24-hours; bone marrow and peripheral blood and soon. The side reactions were recorded. The clinical efficacy evaluation was divided into complete response(CR), partial respouse(PR), none response(NR). Results 13 cases in the treatment group achieved CR, 6 cases achieved PR, 5 cases no change, 19 cases achieved overall response. Conclusion The prominent clinical efficacy was achieved with thalidomide plus melphalan and VAD regimen in multiple myeloma. The clinical manifestation was improved significantly.

Clinical study of sufentanil and ropivacaine used in labor combined spinal-epidural analgesia / 中国基层医药

Objecttve To investigate the effects of snfentanil and ropivacaine used in labor combined spinalepidural analgesia(CSEA)and its influence on labor course and infants and its side effects.Methods 160 primiparas who chose deliver analgesia were randomly divided into two groups:group A intrathecal 5μg sufentanil plus saline up to 2.5ml,extradural 0.2μg/ml sufentanll plus 0.1% ropivacaine and saline up to 100 ml;group B extradural ropivacaine 1.5mg plus glucose 100g/L up to 2ml;group C have no analgesia.Then to investigate the effects of analgesia VAS scores,labor course duration,caesarean section rate,flooding volume,neonatal Apgar scores and its side effects.Results Compared with group C,the analgesia effects of group A and B were definitely(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);visual analogue score(VAS)at 5min,10min and 30min in group A were(3.4±1.2),(1.6 ±0.7)and(0.7 ±0.5)respectively,while in group B were(5.3±1.5),(4.3±1.8)and(3.1±1.7),which had significant difference in two groups(all P＜0.01);they all could reduce the first labor course duration,caesarean section rate,and there were no difference with group C(P＞0.05);and the flooding volume and neonatal Apgar scores had no differences(P＞0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil and ropivacaine combined used in CSEA has stronger effect and longer duration without prolonged labor coulee and poor side effects,which would be a more perfect analgesia worth clinical application in obstetrics.

A primary study on the indexes change of coagulation and fibrinolysis in APL with ATRA and As2O3 / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore the indexes change of coagulation and fibrinolysis in APL with ATRA and As2O3.Methods Treatment group 18 eases were undeaaked ATRA 20-30 mg/d until relieved completely.0.1%arsenic trioxide 10 ml with 5%glucose 500 ml for 28 days.Normal control 10 cases were undertaked ATRA 45～60 mg/d until relieved completely.Results The CR rate of treatment group was higher than control group(P＜0.05),the patients of control group showed different reactions such as thirsty mouth,rationale acid syndrome.2 cases reacted strongly and the treatment had to be interrupted,the patients of treatment group had little reaction,but liver function were badly hurt and liver-protection treatment was needed.Fbg,D-dimer recovery time is 7 days,21 days in treatment group,14 days,21 days in control group.Conclusion CR rate is high and has little side effect,and indexes change of coagulation and fibrinolysis were recovered quickly,it has great significance to take D-dimer as early diagnose and observe the indexes change during the treatment.

Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm: A report of 115 cases / 医学研究生学报

Objective: The present study aims to summarize the clinical experience in the surgical treatment of thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 115 cases of thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm treated by surgery from December 1995 to December 2006.Thirty-eight of them were DeBakey type I aortic dissection,18 type Ⅱ,and 59 type Ⅲ.Of the 38 DeBakey type I patients,30 underwent ascending aorta with total aortic arch replacement(2 cases of total thoracic aortic artificial vessel replacement,25 Wheat procedure and 3 aortic valvuloplasty) and the other 8 received ascending aorta with semi-aortic arch replacement.Of the 59 DeBakey type Ⅲ patients,36 underwent descending aortic aneurysm resection with artificial vessel replacement via left posterolateral thoracic incision by left heart bypass or aorta to artery bypass(using Cott tubes),while the other 23 received endovascular stent-graft exclusion in descending aorta via the femoral artery.Results: All the patients were successfully treated except 5 that died during the perioperative period.The survivors were followed up for 3-118 months,among whom 2 died long-term death after the operation and the others were living healthy.Conclusion: Surgical treatment improves the clinical outcome of thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm.Bilateral perfusion via the carotid artery in aortic arch replacement has a definite cerebral protective effect.Surgical procedures can be simplified by using the modified elephant trunk technique.Endovascular stent-graft exclusion is safe and effective in the treatment of DeBakey type Ⅲ aortic dissection.

The effect of folic acid on the development of stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the roles of folic acid and beta-carotene in the chemoprevention of gastric and other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 216 patients with atrophic gastritis were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1) folate (FA, 20 mg per day plus vitamin B(12) 1 mg, intramuscularly, per month for one year, then 20 mg two times a week plus 1 mg per three months for the next year); (2) natural beta-carotene (N-betaC, 30 mg per day for first year, then 30 mg two times a week for the next); (3) synthetic beta-carotene (S-betaC, administered as in N-betaC); and (4) placebo. Follow-ups continued from 1994 to 2001.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 7 new cases of gastrointestinal cancers were diagnosed with 3 stomach, 1 colon and 1 esophageal cancers occurring in the placebo group; 1 stomach cancer in both of the N-betaC and S-betaC groups, and no cancer occurring in FA group. In terms of GI cancers, there was a significant reduction in the FA group, compared with the placebo group (P = 0.04). A similar trend was observed in both N-betaC and S-betaC groups (P = 0.07 - 0.08). Taken together, the three intervention groups displayed a highly significant decrease in occurrence (P = 0.004, vs placebo), and a lower risk for GI cancers (OR = 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 - 0.51). For development of gastric cancer, any one of the three active-treated groups did not reach statistically significant reduction. The FA group showed obvious improvement of the gastric mucosal lesions with more patients displaying lesions reversed or stable atrophy and inflammation (P = 0.04), reversed intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.06) at the end of follow-up, and reversed displasia (P = 0.017) at 12 months. Two cases of false jaundice were found in beta-carotene groups with no influence on administration, and no side-effects were reported in FA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This trial revealed the interventional effect of folic acid on the development of GI cancers, a similar effect of beta-carotene was also detected. Also, folic acid may be of use to treat atrophic gastritis by preventing or reversing the precancerous lesions.</p>

Myasthenia gravis and anesthesia / 医学研究生学报

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease resulting from the production of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors of the endplate. These antibodies impair postjunctional membrane and reduce the number of functional acetylcholine receptors of endplate. Thymectomy is an effective therapeutic method for adult myasthenic patients. In this paper, the author reviewed the pathophysiological characteristics and problems related to anesthesia, such as preoperative evaluation, the effect of preoperative medical treatment on the anesthesia, patients'response to muscle relaxants and postoperative management.

The clinical observation of rocuronium bromide in pantients with hepatic cirrhosis / 医学研究生学报

Objectives:To observe the characteristics of rocuronium bromide in cirrhotic patients. Methods:Six healthy patients and six patients with hepatic cirrhosis undergoing intraabdominal operation were studied. Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to all of the patients,and the twitch high of adductor pollicis muscle was recorded using NMT mechanosensor (Datex Ohmeda). The time of onset, T 1 Maximum depression, the clinical duration of initial dose, the clinical duration of repeated maintenance doses and the spontanous recovery index were observed. Results:The time of onset was markedly prolonged in the cirrhotic compared with the healthy group( P

Treatment of the patients with the diseases stomatology,otorhinolaryngology and ophthalmology in peacekeeping level Ⅱ hospital / 医学研究生学报

Objective:To evaluate the clinical experience and working method of the department of stomatology,otorhinolarynogology and ophthalmology during the peacekeeping period in Liberia.Methods:Five hundred twenty five patients with stomatological,otorhinolaryngological or ophthalmological diseases during the peacekeeping period were reviewed.Results:The patients with stomatogical disease(455),NEN disease(38) and eye disease(32) were treated by a stomatological without mistake during 7 months. Conclusion:Stomatological doctors should be versatile to accomplish their peacekeeping mission.

Effects of propofol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients underwent intracranial operation / 医学研究生学报

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure(CSFP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP) and heart rate(HR)during induction of anesthesia in patients underwent intracranial operation. Methods: In 20 patients scheduled for elective craniotomy, an epidural catheter was placed into subarachanoid. Fentanyl(2 ?g/kg), intravenousl Midazolam (0.04~0.05mg/kg) and propofol (2mg/kg) were administered respectively prior to induction of anesthesia. CSFP,MAP,CPP and HR were monitored at 2min,5min after propofol administration and 2,5,10min after another supplementary dose of propofol 1mg/kg addendum during endotracheal intubation. Results: Compared with the preanesthetic baseline values, CSFP, CPP, and MAP all decreased significantly during induction(P

Study of mechanism of SHCDCT for brain resuscitation: Effect on hypermetabolism during reperfusion in rabbit brain / 中华麻醉学杂志

The effects of SHCDCT (selective head coolingdehydration combined therapy) on hypermetabolism, and its relation with thyroigenous hormones.The changes of glucose,phosphlipids,FT3 and TSH at 30, 180, 360 min of reperfusion following 30 min complete cerebral ischemia (four-vessel model ) in rabbits were observed.The effect of SHC (selective head cooling), DH(dehydration),SHCDCT on these changes were compared.SHC (28'C ) was induced by surface cooling methods.Compared with non-ischemia group,glouse, phospholipids decreased during reperfusoin,FT3 and TSH increased (P